Consensus under Misaligned Orientations

This paper presents a consensus algorithm under misaligned orientations, which is defined as (i) misalignment to global coordinate frame of local coordinate frames, (ii) biases in control direction or sensing direction, or (iii) misaligned virtual global coordinate frames. After providing a mathematical formulation, we provide some sufficient conditions for consensus or for divergence. Besides the stability analysis, we also conduct some analysis for convergence characteristics in terms of locations of eigenvalues. Through a number of numerical simulations, we would attempt to understand the behaviors of misaligned consensus dynamics.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figure

Data_Sheet_1.ZIP

<p>Phomopsis longicolla T. W. Hobbs (syn. Diaporthe longicolla) is the primary cause of Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. This disease results in poor seed quality and is one of the most economically important seed diseases in soybean. The objectives of this study were to infer protein–protein interactions (PPI) and to identify conserved global networks and pathogenicity subnetworks in P. longicolla including orthologous pathways for cell signaling and pathogenesis. The interlog method used in the study identified 215,255 unique PPIs among 3,868 proteins. There were 1,414 pathogenicity related genes in P. longicolla identified using the pathogen host interaction (PHI) database. Additionally, 149 plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE) were detected. The network captured five different classes of carbohydrate degrading enzymes, including the auxiliary activities, carbohydrate esterases, glycoside hydrolases, glycosyl transferases, and carbohydrate binding molecules. From the PPI analysis, novel interacting partners were determined for each of the PCWDE classes. The most predominant class of PCWDE was a group of 60 glycoside hydrolases proteins. The glycoside hydrolase subnetwork was found to be interacting with 1,442 proteins within the network and was among the largest clusters. The orthologous proteins FUS3, HOG, CYP1, SGE1, and the g5566t.1 gene identified in this study could play an important role in pathogenicity. Therefore, the P. longicolla protein interactome (PiPhom) generated in this study can lead to a better understanding of PPIs in soybean pathogens. Furthermore, the PPI may aid in targeting of genes and proteins for further studies of the pathogenicity mechanisms.</p

Table_2.XLSX

<p>Phomopsis longicolla T. W. Hobbs (syn. Diaporthe longicolla) is the primary cause of Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. This disease results in poor seed quality and is one of the most economically important seed diseases in soybean. The objectives of this study were to infer protein–protein interactions (PPI) and to identify conserved global networks and pathogenicity subnetworks in P. longicolla including orthologous pathways for cell signaling and pathogenesis. The interlog method used in the study identified 215,255 unique PPIs among 3,868 proteins. There were 1,414 pathogenicity related genes in P. longicolla identified using the pathogen host interaction (PHI) database. Additionally, 149 plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE) were detected. The network captured five different classes of carbohydrate degrading enzymes, including the auxiliary activities, carbohydrate esterases, glycoside hydrolases, glycosyl transferases, and carbohydrate binding molecules. From the PPI analysis, novel interacting partners were determined for each of the PCWDE classes. The most predominant class of PCWDE was a group of 60 glycoside hydrolases proteins. The glycoside hydrolase subnetwork was found to be interacting with 1,442 proteins within the network and was among the largest clusters. The orthologous proteins FUS3, HOG, CYP1, SGE1, and the g5566t.1 gene identified in this study could play an important role in pathogenicity. Therefore, the P. longicolla protein interactome (PiPhom) generated in this study can lead to a better understanding of PPIs in soybean pathogens. Furthermore, the PPI may aid in targeting of genes and proteins for further studies of the pathogenicity mechanisms.</p

Table_1.XLSX

<p>Phomopsis longicolla T. W. Hobbs (syn. Diaporthe longicolla) is the primary cause of Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. This disease results in poor seed quality and is one of the most economically important seed diseases in soybean. The objectives of this study were to infer protein–protein interactions (PPI) and to identify conserved global networks and pathogenicity subnetworks in P. longicolla including orthologous pathways for cell signaling and pathogenesis. The interlog method used in the study identified 215,255 unique PPIs among 3,868 proteins. There were 1,414 pathogenicity related genes in P. longicolla identified using the pathogen host interaction (PHI) database. Additionally, 149 plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE) were detected. The network captured five different classes of carbohydrate degrading enzymes, including the auxiliary activities, carbohydrate esterases, glycoside hydrolases, glycosyl transferases, and carbohydrate binding molecules. From the PPI analysis, novel interacting partners were determined for each of the PCWDE classes. The most predominant class of PCWDE was a group of 60 glycoside hydrolases proteins. The glycoside hydrolase subnetwork was found to be interacting with 1,442 proteins within the network and was among the largest clusters. The orthologous proteins FUS3, HOG, CYP1, SGE1, and the g5566t.1 gene identified in this study could play an important role in pathogenicity. Therefore, the P. longicolla protein interactome (PiPhom) generated in this study can lead to a better understanding of PPIs in soybean pathogens. Furthermore, the PPI may aid in targeting of genes and proteins for further studies of the pathogenicity mechanisms.</p

Table_3.XLSX

<p>Phomopsis longicolla T. W. Hobbs (syn. Diaporthe longicolla) is the primary cause of Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. This disease results in poor seed quality and is one of the most economically important seed diseases in soybean. The objectives of this study were to infer protein–protein interactions (PPI) and to identify conserved global networks and pathogenicity subnetworks in P. longicolla including orthologous pathways for cell signaling and pathogenesis. The interlog method used in the study identified 215,255 unique PPIs among 3,868 proteins. There were 1,414 pathogenicity related genes in P. longicolla identified using the pathogen host interaction (PHI) database. Additionally, 149 plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE) were detected. The network captured five different classes of carbohydrate degrading enzymes, including the auxiliary activities, carbohydrate esterases, glycoside hydrolases, glycosyl transferases, and carbohydrate binding molecules. From the PPI analysis, novel interacting partners were determined for each of the PCWDE classes. The most predominant class of PCWDE was a group of 60 glycoside hydrolases proteins. The glycoside hydrolase subnetwork was found to be interacting with 1,442 proteins within the network and was among the largest clusters. The orthologous proteins FUS3, HOG, CYP1, SGE1, and the g5566t.1 gene identified in this study could play an important role in pathogenicity. Therefore, the P. longicolla protein interactome (PiPhom) generated in this study can lead to a better understanding of PPIs in soybean pathogens. Furthermore, the PPI may aid in targeting of genes and proteins for further studies of the pathogenicity mechanisms.</p

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Analysis of the genome sequence of Phomopsis longicolla: a fungal pathogen causing Phomopsis seed decay in soybean

A list of horizontal transferred genes identified in the genome of Phomopsis longicolla isolate MSPL 10–6. (XLSX 75 kb

Boosting the High Working Voltage of an Aqueous Symmetric Supercapacitor by a Phosphotungstic Acid-Based Coordination Polymer Coating with Polypyrrole

The low working voltage limits the energy density and feasibility of practical applications of aqueous supercapacitors (SCs) to some extent. Herein, new CuPW12@PPy (n, n = 1, 2, 3) nanocomposites were designed and fabricated by involving the hydrothermal synthesis of crystalline H4[Cu2(bix)4][PW12O40]2·8H2O (CuPW12) and subsequently pyrrole in situ oxidation polymerization on the CuPW12 surface. These were then used as electrode materials to widen the working voltage of SC. As expected, CuPW12@PPy (n, n = 1, 2, 3) can operate stably within −0.6 to 1.0 V while inhibiting the hydrogen evolution reaction, which exhibits higher specific capacitance in 2 M H3PO4. Specifically, CuPW12@PPy (2) shows a 711.2 F g–1 specific capacitance at 1.5 A g–1, attributed to the high ion/electron transportation and their synergy from the conductive PPy covering the CuPW12 surfaces. Finally, the assembled symmetric SC cell can operate at 1.6 V and deliver a 43.67 Wh kg–1 energy density and 1280 W kg–1 power density at 1.0 A g–1 and a 91.3% capacitance retention at 5 A g–1 after 10,000 cycles

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Analysis of the genome sequence of Phomopsis longicolla: a fungal pathogen causing Phomopsis seed decay in soybean

A list of putative genes encoding cell wall degrading enzymes. (TXT 73 kb

Differentially expressed structural and regulatory genes related to flavonoid pathways in variegated peach flowers.

<p>Differentially expressed structural and regulatory genes related to flavonoid pathways in variegated peach flowers.</p

Distribution of ESTs in peach unigenes.

<p>Distribution of ESTs in peach unigenes.</p